2014年2月28日星期五
Nonstick Cookware & the Risk of Cancer
Since an empty nonstick pan overheats and releases fumes rapidly, keeping food in your cookware will hep you avoid inhaling harmful gases.Most of us are aware of claims linking nonstick cookware and cancer. These claims are actually not entirely false, though there is insufficient Teflon Coating research to prove the cookware-cancer link. Health concerns surrounding nonstick cookware focus on the chemical PFOA and the toxic fumes emitted from overheated cookware. A clear understanding of the real risks and proper usage of nonstick cookware will allow you to have a safe and enjoyable cooking experience.Other People Are Reading
How to Apply a Coating to a Flat Metal Roof to Prevent Leaks
Flat metal roofs tend to be more durable that other types of flat roofing. However, by adding a special roof coating to the metal roof, you can further extend the lifetime of your roof and reduce the chance that it might leak. Plan on reapplying the coating to the roof every two-three years for best results. You should also plan on taking a weekend to complete this project to allow for proper drying time between steps.Step 1: Clean the roof, removing any dirt and grime with a broom.
Step 2: Use a putty knife to remove any flaking paint and make any necessary repairs to flashing and other areas on the metal roof that may need to be repaired. Allow those Teflon Coatings patches to dry completely before proceeding.
Step 3: Clean the roof with a garden hose to remove any remaining dirt. Scrub away any stains with warm water, dish washing liquid, and a sponge. Let the flat roof dry completely before continuing.
Step 4: Apply metal primer to any areas of the roof where the metal is exposed and looks like it is not in good repair. Let the primer dry completely, then apply a second coat. Let the primer dry once more before proceeding.
Step 5: Cover the heads of screws and nails, as well as the seams of flashing with roof appropriate patching cement. Use a paintbrush to apply it, generously covering areas with a 1 inch perimeter of the patching cement.
TIP: If the roof has already been coated with a metalroofingcompound, you may not have to complete this step. Just check to make sure everything is properly covered and touch up areas with the patching cement that you think may be suspect.
Step 6: Mix the metal roof coating, which may have settled after it was manufactured. Pour a bit onto the flat metal roof, then use a long handled paint roller to spread and apply Non Stick Coating Spray the coating. Be generous when applying the first coat. Allow the coating to dry completely.
Step 7: Apply a second coat, using the same techniques used to apply the first coat.
Published byAmy Whittle
Amy Whittle is a freelance writer based in clean, green Boulder City, Nevada. She specializes in home improvement, green living, and health and fitness issues. You can check out her work at Woman’s Day, th... View profile
Step 2: Use a putty knife to remove any flaking paint and make any necessary repairs to flashing and other areas on the metal roof that may need to be repaired. Allow those Teflon Coatings patches to dry completely before proceeding.
Step 3: Clean the roof with a garden hose to remove any remaining dirt. Scrub away any stains with warm water, dish washing liquid, and a sponge. Let the flat roof dry completely before continuing.
Step 4: Apply metal primer to any areas of the roof where the metal is exposed and looks like it is not in good repair. Let the primer dry completely, then apply a second coat. Let the primer dry once more before proceeding.
Step 5: Cover the heads of screws and nails, as well as the seams of flashing with roof appropriate patching cement. Use a paintbrush to apply it, generously covering areas with a 1 inch perimeter of the patching cement.
TIP: If the roof has already been coated with a metalroofingcompound, you may not have to complete this step. Just check to make sure everything is properly covered and touch up areas with the patching cement that you think may be suspect.
Step 6: Mix the metal roof coating, which may have settled after it was manufactured. Pour a bit onto the flat metal roof, then use a long handled paint roller to spread and apply Non Stick Coating Spray the coating. Be generous when applying the first coat. Allow the coating to dry completely.
Step 7: Apply a second coat, using the same techniques used to apply the first coat.
Published byAmy Whittle
Amy Whittle is a freelance writer based in clean, green Boulder City, Nevada. She specializes in home improvement, green living, and health and fitness issues. You can check out her work at Woman’s Day, th... View profile
Make Indian Bread Pakora
Indian bread pakora is made in a manner similar to French toast, but the two recipes taste nothing alike. This spicy and unique bread-based dish makes a delicious snack, side dish, or appetizer. The recipe can be easily adjusted for your tastes. Here's how to make Indian bread pakora:Non Stick Coating
Ingredients and supplies:
4-5 slices of white bread1 cup gram flour (besan)1/4 teaspoon turmeric powder1/4 teaspoon Garam Masala powder1/2 teaspoon AjwainRed chili powder, to tasteSalt, to tasteWater (enough to form a batter)
Ingredients and supplies:
4-5 slices of white bread1 cup gram flour (besan)1/4 teaspoon turmeric powder1/4 teaspoon Garam Masala powder1/2 teaspoon AjwainRed chili powder, to tasteSalt, to tasteWater (enough to form a batter)
How to Bake Panko Crusted Chicken
Photo Caption How to Bake Panko Crusted ChickenPhoto Credit Thoun Kheang/Demand MediaPanko bread crumbs are a coarser, larger type of bread crumb than the more common kind, but there’s no appreciable difference in how they are used. Panko is the Japanese word for "bread crumbs," and what makes them different is that they are closer to being flakes than grains, which means that they absorb less oil. This makes for a Non Stick Coatings crispier, lighter coating on dishes such as panko-breaded chicken. Baking panko-crusted chicken is yet another way to ensure that you are not adding unnecessary fat to your diet.
Step 1Preheat your oven to 350 degrees F, and spray a baking dish with nonstick cooking spray.
Step 1Preheat your oven to 350 degrees F, and spray a baking dish with nonstick cooking spray.
2014年2月27日星期四
Strategic Analysis of the Fluoropolymer Powder Coatings Market in North America.
Strategic Analysis of the Fluoropolymer Powder Coatings Market in North America.NEW YORK, June 20, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announcesthat a new market research report is available in its catalogue:Strategic Analysis of the Fluoropolymer Powder Coatings Market in NorthAmericahttp://www.reportlinker.com/p01363441/Strategic-Analysis-of-the-Fluoropolymer-Powder-Coatings-Market-in-North-America.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Paint_and_CoatingThis study analyses the North American (United States and Canada)fluoropolymer powder coatings market for the period of 2012 to 2019.Fluoropolymer powder coatings form a highly-fragmented market. Thesegmentation that is used in the research is as follows: FEP, PVDFPVDF polyvinylidene difluoride ,ETFEETFEPTFE Coating Ethylene/Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer , PFA/MFA, ECTFEECTFE Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene , and other fluoropolymer powder coatings. Thisresearch identifies and describes the key market drivers and restraintsas well as the key challenges for the industry. The research alsoincludes the following: company profiles, the competitive structure,market metrics, market share analysis, market trends, revenue analysis,market strategies, technology trends, and end user analysis. ExecutiveSummary --This study covers the North American market of powder coatingsmanufactured from fluoropolymer such as fluorinated ethylene propyleneFEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene) is a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene. It differs from the PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) resins in that it is melt-processible using conventional injection molding and screw extrusion techniques. (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylenetetrafluoroethylenecopolymer (ETFE), perfluoropropylalkoxy copolymer/perfluoromethylalkoxycopolymer (PFA/MFA), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE),as well as other fluoropolymers (FPs)-such as fluorinated ethylene vinylether (FEVE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), and polytetrafluoroethylenepolytetrafluoroethylenea synthetic material commonly used as a nonstick lining in domestic cooking utensils (frypans); abbreviated PTFE; called also Teflon. Overheating produces toxic fumes that cause an acute hemorrhagic pneumonitis and death in small caged birds, which are (PTFEPTFEpolytetrafluoroethylene. )-as additives. --Major industrial applications for FEP powdercoatings, and higher growth over the next 5 years for PFA/MFA and ECTFEpowder coatings will drive demand. --In terms of revenue, FEP powdercoatings comprise the largest segment, accounting for a share of X% in2012. The revenue for FEP powder coatings is expected to grow at a CAGRCAGRSee: Compound Annual Growth Rate ofX% from 2012 to 2019. --The revenues for PFA/MFA and ECTFE powdercoatings are expected to grow at CAGR of X% and X%, respectively, from2012 to 2019. --The revenues for PVDF and ETFE powder coatings areexpected to grow at CAGR of X% and X%, respectively, from 2012 to 2019.--Fluoropolymers are a class of paraffinic polymers that have some orall of the hydrogen replaced by fluorinefluorine (fl`ərēn, –rĭn), gaseous chemical element; symbol F; at. no. 9; at. wt. 18.998403; m.p. −219.6°C;; b.p. −188.14°C;; density 1. . --Fluoropolymer powdercoatings form a highly-fragmented market. There are several coatingproduct and process Non Stick Coating companies that supply or use liquid or powder basedfluoropolymer coatings. These are formulations containing the powderfluoropolymers, inactive fillers, and additives for special propertiesin processing of the final products. --The revenue for the NorthAmerican fluoropolymer powder coatings market is expected to reach$Xmillion with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of X% from 2012 to2019. --The major driving factors in this market are: oProfitability andcost efficiencies of the powder coating process. oSuperior coatingproperties and potential for a wider range of functions. oIncreasingneed for high-performance materials in demanding industries. oPotentialfor applications in wider range of metallic and non-metallic substrates.CEO's Perspective 1. Suppliers create a competitive edge withbetter price contracts and relationships. 2. Suppliers are able toestablish high performance of the end application based on purity,anti-corrosion, and release functions. 3. Companies offer a wider rangeof FP powders with both partially and fully-fluorinated fluoropolymers.4. Technical support helps in overcoming competition arising from theinterchangeability of some FP powder coating types in selectedapplications. 5. North American suppliers need to offer prices that arecompetitive with overseas suppliers. Key Questions This Study WillAnswer Is the market growing, how long will it continue to grow and atwhat rate? Water-Based Paint What is the competitive structure and environment for growth?What are the key market segments? Are they exclusive, inclusive orcannibalistic? What are the vertical markets and application trends?What are the major market drivers and restraints?Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 Total Fluoropolymer PowderCoatings Market - -- Market Overview 13 -- External Challenges: Driversand Restraints 25 -- Forecasts and Trends 31 -- Vertical Markets 38 --Market Share and Competitive Analysis 44 -- Mega Trends and IndustryConvergence Implications 58 The CEO's 360 Degree Perspective 62 FEPPowder Coatings Segment Breakdown 64 PVDF Powder Coatings SegmentBreakdown 71 ETFE Powder Coatings Segment Breakdown 78 PFA/MFA PowderCoatings Segment Breakdown 84 ECTFE Powder Coatings Segment Breakdown 90Other Fluoropolymer Powder Coatings Segment Breakdown 97 The Last Word104 Appendix 107To order this report: Paint_and_Coating Industry : StrategicAnalysis of the Fluoropolymer Powder Coatings Market in North AmericaContact Clare: clare@reportlinker.com US: (339) 368 6001 Intl:+1 339368 6001SOURCE ReportlinkerCOPYRIGHT 2013 PR Newswire Association LLCNo portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.Copyright 2013 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Swiss Diamond Nonstick Cookware Review
See More Aboutcookwarechoosing cooking equipmentnonstick cookwareThe Bottom LineA sturdy nonstick option with a seemingly indestructible coating.ProsNonstick coating is more durable than many othersExcellent at conducting and retaining heatOven-safe up to 500˚FConsHeavyHard-to-clean area between pan and handleExpensiveDescriptionHeat Safe up to 500˚FBody made of pressure cast aluminumDishwasher safe (although hand washing is recommended)Product line includes fry pans, roasters, woks, grill pans, saucepans, casseroles and moreVersions available for inductioncooktops, which have a magnetic steel bottomGuide Review - Swiss Diamond Nonstick Cookware ReviewLike many cookware experts, I normally advise consumers to buy less-expensive brands when it comes to nonstick pans. PTFE Coatings After all, nonstick coatings can scratch, no matter how high-quality the pan is, which renders the pan useless.
One exception to the rule is Swiss Diamond. This company's nonstick surface includes diamond crystals, which make a more durable surface and increase the nonstick properties. The company also claims the nonstick coating does not contain PFOA(A toxic chemical used in the manufacture of many nonstick coatings, which has been found to be persistent in the environment).
Although it seems like a gimmick, the diamond-reinforced coating is remarkably durable; I had one pan for 4 or 5 years before the finish began to be less effective (and then, it did not scratch, but instead started gradually losing its nonstick properties and got a bit gummy. You might be able to prevent this by never using nonstick cooking spray in your cookware, as it can leave a film that's difficult to remove.). The Swiss Diamond coating is not as "slick" as many other nonstick coatings, which means that foods like eggs will still leave a slight residue. But the more matte finish also means that the pan can have many of the benefits that an New Non Stick Coating uncoated stainless pan; i.e. it browns foods like chicken better and leaves more residue that can flavor a pan sauce.
The pan is made of pressure cast aluminum and is heavier than most inexpensive nonstick pans. Aluminum is a highly conductive material; this pan heats quickly and uniformly and responds quickly to changes in heat. The pan is heavy, which could be a problem for some people (the larger skillets are particularly weighty), but the handle is comfortably positioned. What's more, the handle is ovenproof up to 500˚F, a nice advantage if you want to finish cooking a dish in the oven.
The price for Swiss Diamond cookware starts at around $50 for an 8-inch fry pan, which is on the high end, but with such a durable nonstick surface it is a worthy investment.
User Reviews
Reviews for this section have been closed.
5 out of 5swiss diamond cookware, Member warrenrseverinI recently purchased a 10 piece set. Man, what a difference from the so-called TV chef offered cookware. I have (had) both Wolfgang Puck's 10 pc. set and a small set of Rachel Ray's cookware. This Swiss Diamond set is the best I've ever had. Heats quickly and evenly at low to medium temps on a gas range, holds the heat well, (as opposed to Puck's, which will burn the - out of you if you don't watch it) and basically, if you're not a slob with your cookware, cleans up easier than spilled milk. As soon as finances permit, I will definately add to that set!
106 out of 110 people found this helpful.Related Guide PicksLodge Logic Cast Iron CookwareCamerons Stovetop SmokerCalphalon Panini Grill PanFagor uCook Pressure CookerFagor Water Based Coatings Electric Multi CookerSuggested ReadingBuying the Best CookwareKnow Your Cookware ShapesHow to Care for and Clean Your CookwareGuide to Kitchen Cutlery ShapesReview of EdgeCraft Knife SharpenerRelated ArticlesSwiss Diamond Frying Pan - Reader Reviews Which Low Fat Cooking Tool Or App...Review: Swiss Diamond Crepiere Crepe PanOzeri Green Earth Textured Ceramic Nonstick Frying PanKeeping Nonstick Bread Pans - NonstickNonstick vs. Uncoated Cookware: Which Should I Choose?
One exception to the rule is Swiss Diamond. This company's nonstick surface includes diamond crystals, which make a more durable surface and increase the nonstick properties. The company also claims the nonstick coating does not contain PFOA(A toxic chemical used in the manufacture of many nonstick coatings, which has been found to be persistent in the environment).
Although it seems like a gimmick, the diamond-reinforced coating is remarkably durable; I had one pan for 4 or 5 years before the finish began to be less effective (and then, it did not scratch, but instead started gradually losing its nonstick properties and got a bit gummy. You might be able to prevent this by never using nonstick cooking spray in your cookware, as it can leave a film that's difficult to remove.). The Swiss Diamond coating is not as "slick" as many other nonstick coatings, which means that foods like eggs will still leave a slight residue. But the more matte finish also means that the pan can have many of the benefits that an New Non Stick Coating uncoated stainless pan; i.e. it browns foods like chicken better and leaves more residue that can flavor a pan sauce.
The pan is made of pressure cast aluminum and is heavier than most inexpensive nonstick pans. Aluminum is a highly conductive material; this pan heats quickly and uniformly and responds quickly to changes in heat. The pan is heavy, which could be a problem for some people (the larger skillets are particularly weighty), but the handle is comfortably positioned. What's more, the handle is ovenproof up to 500˚F, a nice advantage if you want to finish cooking a dish in the oven.
The price for Swiss Diamond cookware starts at around $50 for an 8-inch fry pan, which is on the high end, but with such a durable nonstick surface it is a worthy investment.
User Reviews
Reviews for this section have been closed.
5 out of 5swiss diamond cookware, Member warrenrseverinI recently purchased a 10 piece set. Man, what a difference from the so-called TV chef offered cookware. I have (had) both Wolfgang Puck's 10 pc. set and a small set of Rachel Ray's cookware. This Swiss Diamond set is the best I've ever had. Heats quickly and evenly at low to medium temps on a gas range, holds the heat well, (as opposed to Puck's, which will burn the - out of you if you don't watch it) and basically, if you're not a slob with your cookware, cleans up easier than spilled milk. As soon as finances permit, I will definately add to that set!
106 out of 110 people found this helpful.Related Guide PicksLodge Logic Cast Iron CookwareCamerons Stovetop SmokerCalphalon Panini Grill PanFagor uCook Pressure CookerFagor Water Based Coatings Electric Multi CookerSuggested ReadingBuying the Best CookwareKnow Your Cookware ShapesHow to Care for and Clean Your CookwareGuide to Kitchen Cutlery ShapesReview of EdgeCraft Knife SharpenerRelated ArticlesSwiss Diamond Frying Pan - Reader Reviews Which Low Fat Cooking Tool Or App...Review: Swiss Diamond Crepiere Crepe PanOzeri Green Earth Textured Ceramic Nonstick Frying PanKeeping Nonstick Bread Pans - NonstickNonstick vs. Uncoated Cookware: Which Should I Choose?
Lowe's to Pay $2.75 Million Settlement Over Paints and Coatings
Although big box home improvement store giant Lowe's does not admit any wrongdoing, it nevertheless agrees to pay out a $2.75 million settlement over paints and coatings that contain smog-forming ingredients. Is some of it in your house?AQMD Victories
The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) regulates airpollutionin Orange County but also parts of Los Angeles, San Bernardino and Riverside. As such, the agency oversees the oil refineries, dry cleaning operations and other stationary locales. SCAQMD identifies paints and coatings as the major source of pollutants in the area.
Asoutlined by the agency, these pollutants generate "23 tons per day of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions". As a result, retailers of paints and coatings must meet the strict standards ofRule 1113, which govern the sale of these products and seek to curtail the resale of items Teflon Coating containing smog-forming ingredients.
The Lowe's settlement apportions $2.45 million to civil penalties while $300,000 pay for the SCAQMD costs incurred during the investigation. Prior to this Lowe's settlement, Wal-Mart agreed to pay $2 million for a similar violation.
How Rule 1113 Affects the South Coast DIY Weekend Warrior
As outlined by the SCAQMD, the permissible number of grams of volatile organic compounds (VOC) per liter of paints or coatings varies by function. For example, for varnishes the limit (as of July, 2006) is 275, while with mastic coatings it sits at 300. Unfortunately, the California DIY aficionado frequently has to take the store's word for its adherence to VOC regulations with respect to smog-forming ingredients.
Notable exceptions are Lowe's specificlow-VOC products. Even so, the product specs are not readily available onsite, and there is no way to check if a specific product simply meets or actually exceeds Rule 1113 standards. After all, as outlined by the South Coast Air Quality Management District, all paints and coatings should meet these qualifications in their area of supervision, which in turn would make the purchase Best Non Stick Coating of low-VOC products unneeded.
Dollars and Cents vs. Smog-forming Ingredients
The environmentally conscious consumer who seeks to lessen pollution by buying low-VOC products may be in for a bit of a sticker shock. For example, one gallon ofOlympic Premium Zero VOC Primercurrently sells for almost $15. In contrast, one gallon ofKILZ Water-Based Sealer/Primercosts about $10. Depending on the size of the paint job, the $5 difference translates into a significant savings.
It is unclear how the SCAQMD picks and chooses which retailers to go after. In addition, it is uncertain if the settlement infers that Lowe's will no longer sell non-conforming paints or if it simply purchased a permit to continue doing business with the brands at hand.
Sources
South Coast Air Quality Management District: "SCAQMD"SCAQMD: "AQMD, Lowe's Reach $2.75 Million Settlement"AQMD: "Rule 1113"Lowe's: "Low VOC Products"Lowe's: "Olympic Premium Zero VOC Primer"Lowe's: "KILZ Water-Based Sealer/Primer
The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) regulates airpollutionin Orange County but also parts of Los Angeles, San Bernardino and Riverside. As such, the agency oversees the oil refineries, dry cleaning operations and other stationary locales. SCAQMD identifies paints and coatings as the major source of pollutants in the area.
Asoutlined by the agency, these pollutants generate "23 tons per day of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions". As a result, retailers of paints and coatings must meet the strict standards ofRule 1113, which govern the sale of these products and seek to curtail the resale of items Teflon Coating containing smog-forming ingredients.
The Lowe's settlement apportions $2.45 million to civil penalties while $300,000 pay for the SCAQMD costs incurred during the investigation. Prior to this Lowe's settlement, Wal-Mart agreed to pay $2 million for a similar violation.
How Rule 1113 Affects the South Coast DIY Weekend Warrior
As outlined by the SCAQMD, the permissible number of grams of volatile organic compounds (VOC) per liter of paints or coatings varies by function. For example, for varnishes the limit (as of July, 2006) is 275, while with mastic coatings it sits at 300. Unfortunately, the California DIY aficionado frequently has to take the store's word for its adherence to VOC regulations with respect to smog-forming ingredients.
Notable exceptions are Lowe's specificlow-VOC products. Even so, the product specs are not readily available onsite, and there is no way to check if a specific product simply meets or actually exceeds Rule 1113 standards. After all, as outlined by the South Coast Air Quality Management District, all paints and coatings should meet these qualifications in their area of supervision, which in turn would make the purchase Best Non Stick Coating of low-VOC products unneeded.
Dollars and Cents vs. Smog-forming Ingredients
The environmentally conscious consumer who seeks to lessen pollution by buying low-VOC products may be in for a bit of a sticker shock. For example, one gallon ofOlympic Premium Zero VOC Primercurrently sells for almost $15. In contrast, one gallon ofKILZ Water-Based Sealer/Primercosts about $10. Depending on the size of the paint job, the $5 difference translates into a significant savings.
It is unclear how the SCAQMD picks and chooses which retailers to go after. In addition, it is uncertain if the settlement infers that Lowe's will no longer sell non-conforming paints or if it simply purchased a permit to continue doing business with the brands at hand.
Sources
South Coast Air Quality Management District: "SCAQMD"SCAQMD: "AQMD, Lowe's Reach $2.75 Million Settlement"AQMD: "Rule 1113"Lowe's: "Low VOC Products"Lowe's: "Olympic Premium Zero VOC Primer"Lowe's: "KILZ Water-Based Sealer/Primer
Fitch Rates Port Huron MI's $5.5MM LTGOs
Fitch Rates Port Huron, MI's $5.5MM LTGOs 'A'.Business Editors NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct. 21, 2003 Fitch RatingsFitch RatingsAn international rating agency for financial institutions, insurance companies, and corporate, sovereign, and municipal debt. Fitch Ratings has headquarters in New York and London and is wholly owned by FIMALAC of Paris. assigns an 'A' rating to Port HuronPort Huron (hyr`ən), city (1990 pop. 33,694), seat of St. Clair co., S Mich., a natural, deepwater port of entry at the junction of the St. Clair River with Lake Huron; inc. 1857. , Michigan's $5.5 million general obligation limited tax bonds, series 2003, scheduled for competitive sale on Oct. 27, 2003. The Rating Outlook is Positive. Dated Nov. 1, the bonds mature serially April 1, 2004 - 2023, with semiannual interest payments commencing April 1, 2004. Bonds maturing on or after Oct. 1, 2012 are subject to optional redemption beginning April 1, 2013. Proceeds of this issue will finance Teflon Coatings improvements to the city's sanitary and storm drainstorm drainn.1. A storm sewer.2. A catch basin. systems. The bonds are limited tax general obligations of the city and constitute a first budget obligation. However, the city intends to make debt service payments from the net revenues of its wastewater system. Fitch Ratings also affirms the 'A' rating on the city's $61.7 million in outstanding limited tax general obligation debt. The rating reflects the city's growing economic base, steady financial performance during a period of fiscal stress, and low direct debt levels. The positive outlook reflects the city's recent infrastructure improvements and continued mixed-use developmentMixed-use development refers to the practice of allowing more than one type of use in a building or set of buildings. In planning zone terms, this can mean some combination of residential, commercial, industrial, office, institutional, or other land uses. of its waterfront property that should generate further economic growth; the city's prudent management, which anticipated budgetary pressures and responded in a timely manner with constrained spending, allowing the city to achieve operating surplusesOperating surplus is an accounting concept used in national accounts statistics (such as United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA) and in corporate and government accounts. It is also used in macro-economics as a proxy for total pre-tax profit income. in the last three fiscal years (June 30 year-end); and the city's use of internal resources for capital improvements which limits its external financingIn the theory of capital structure, External financing Ceramic Powder Coatingis the phrase used to describe funds that firms obtain from outside of the firm. It is contrasted to internal financing which consists mainly of profits retained by the firm for investment. needs and sustains its low direct debt levels. Located on the western shore of Lake Huron 60 miles northeast of Detroit, Port Huron's 2000 census population equaled 32,338, a level relatively unchanged since 1990. The city's improved growth is reflected in the property tax base, which recorded a 6.3% annual increase in taxable values between 1999 and 2003. The city's property tax base is somewhat diversified, as the top ten taxpayers constitute 16.4% of the total taxable value. The city anticipates further expansion of its tax base over the next few years as tax increment financingTax Increment Financing, or TIF, is a tool which has been used for redevelopment and community improvement projects throughout the United States for more than half a century. districts return to the tax roles. The city's strong financial management sustained the city's steady financial performance, overcoming declines in income tax receipts and state shared revenue resulting from a slowed economy. General fund revenues remained level since 1999 at $20.8 million, as increases in property tax receipts were offset by declines in income tax, state shared revenue, and investment income. While expenditures grew slightly during this period, particularly in public safety, management's cost constraints sustained balanced operations. As a result, the city's general fund balance increased to 13.3% of expenditures in fiscal 2002 from 9.9% in 1998. Fitch expects the city will again report balanced operations for fiscal 2003. Port Huron is in its sixth year of a 15-year, $110 million project to separate its sanitary and storm sewersstorm sewern.A sewer for carrying off rainwater or meltwater, as to a river or bay. . As the city utilizes water and wastewater system revenues to repay the debt related to the program, the city's outstanding debt places little burden on the property tax base. Port Huron's minimal capital needs and use of internal resources to finance ongoing road improvements should sustain this low debt burden. A critical source of these internal fundsinternal fundsFunds that are raised within a firm. Wear Resistant Coatings For example, income after taxes and noncash expenses, such as depreciation, provide a firm with funds to use in the acquisition of investments. is a dedicated 2-mill property tax levy that expires in 2004, when management plans to seek reauthorization. The city's overall debt levels are low at $589 per capita[Latin, By the heads or polls.] A term used in the Descent and Distribution of the estate of one who dies without a will. It means to share and share alike according to the number of individuals. and 1.2% of full value.COPYRIGHT 2003 Business WireNo portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.Copyright 2003, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.
2014年2月16日星期日
Ways to Green Your Kitchen
See More Abouteco-friendlylearning to cookcooking tipsThe cooking equipment you invest in, and how you use it, can go a long way in helping you conserve water, energy and other resources, cut down on toxins, reduce waste, and generally be more environmentally responsible. Use these tips to cook in a more sustainable way, with less impact on the environment.
Keep your fridge and freezer full. Having more food in your refrigerator and freezer can actually help it run more efficiently by helping it to Teflon Coatings maintain the proper temperature. If you truly can't keep the refrigerator full, fill empty space with bottles of water to help keep it cold. The appliance will use less electricity, which is always good for the environment, and you'll even shave a few dollars off your monthly bill!Compost food scraps. Start a compost pile in a corner of your backyard for food scraps, and use a kitchen composter to collect the scraps until you can take a load out to your pile. Putting food in the garbage contributes to the release of methane gas in landfills, which is a damaging greenhouse gas. By composting your food, you'll be diverting it from the landfill and turning it into a rich, nutrient-filled substance that you can add to the soil in your garden. As a bonus point, the compost you create for your garden is better for the environment than chemical fertilizers and other artificial soil additives. If you don't compost, the next best green alternative for disposing of food scraps is in the disposal, as many water treatment plants are able to turn the slurry of food scraps into biogas that is then used as a form of power.Shorten preheating time. Certain foods, such as baked potatoes, casseroles, and roasted vegetables don't require an oven to be fully preheated before you put them in. You can get a head start on cooking, and not waste the energy that's being used to preheat an empty oven, by putting them into the oven right when you turn it on. Also, for more forgiving recipes, you can turn the oven off a few minutes before it's finished cooking; the oven will retain heat for quite some time. Shortening the amount of time that you oven is actually turned on will help save energy.Use earth-friendly nonstick. Non Stick Coating Safety Traditional nonstick-coated cookware is made using chemicals, including PFOA, a known toxin that is used in the production of the coatings. Although PFOA only remains in trace amounts in the finished product, it has been found to persist in the environment and in the bloodstreams of much of the US population, which is concerning since the chemical has been found to cause developmental effects in laboratory animals. While the EPA has been working with chemical companies to reduce, and eventually eliminate, the use of PFOA, you can also find nonstick surfaces that are made with much safer materials. Bialetti Aeternum, for instance, is a ceramic coating, and Swiss Diamond, as the name suggests, uses a coating derived from powdered diamonds.Use your dishwasher- and fill it up. Environmentalists have long debated whether washing dishes by hand or in a dishwasher has a lower impact. And according to a recent study, it turns out that using a dishwasher uses less water and energy (not to mention time!). To be even more sustainable, be sure to run the dishwasher only when it’s filled to capacity, and turn off the heat dryer setting (or, if you can’t control this on your machine, wait for the rinse cycle to finish and then turn off and open the dishwasher so that dishes will air dry.Use reusable containers for leftovers and packed meals and snacks. Cut down on waste by eliminating the use of plastic wraps and bags, and aluminum foil. Instead, stock up on reusable containers (look for glass or BPA-free plastic) to store leftovers or to pack lunches and snacks.Buy recycled (and recyclable) utensils and other gear. (Check out these eco-friendly kitchen products) There is a wide variety of sustainably made kitchenware on the market today, from bamboo fiber dishtowels to cutting boards made from recycled paper to mixing bowls made from recycled plastic. Next time you’re on the market for a kitchen item, look for something made from sustainable or recyclable materials. You can also seek out Ceramic Coatings companies that you know have a green message, such as using a minimum of packaging, donating money to environmental or social causes, or using wind power or other green energy sources. By supporting such products and brands, you can feel good about your purchase knowing that it’s been created with the environment in mind.Eco-friendly productsReview: Original Spaghetti ScrubReview: Epicurean Cutting BoardsReview: Misto Olive Oil SprayerGreen QuestionsHow do I dispose of used cooking oil?What is PFOA?Are Wooden Spoons Sanitary?Related ArticlesTips to Green the Kitchen VideoCooking Safety - Kitchen SafetyKitchen Makeover - Simple Ways to do a Kitchen MakeoverTop Tips to Save Energy in the KitchenEnergy Saving Tips for Home: Easy and Inexpensive
Keep your fridge and freezer full. Having more food in your refrigerator and freezer can actually help it run more efficiently by helping it to Teflon Coatings maintain the proper temperature. If you truly can't keep the refrigerator full, fill empty space with bottles of water to help keep it cold. The appliance will use less electricity, which is always good for the environment, and you'll even shave a few dollars off your monthly bill!Compost food scraps. Start a compost pile in a corner of your backyard for food scraps, and use a kitchen composter to collect the scraps until you can take a load out to your pile. Putting food in the garbage contributes to the release of methane gas in landfills, which is a damaging greenhouse gas. By composting your food, you'll be diverting it from the landfill and turning it into a rich, nutrient-filled substance that you can add to the soil in your garden. As a bonus point, the compost you create for your garden is better for the environment than chemical fertilizers and other artificial soil additives. If you don't compost, the next best green alternative for disposing of food scraps is in the disposal, as many water treatment plants are able to turn the slurry of food scraps into biogas that is then used as a form of power.Shorten preheating time. Certain foods, such as baked potatoes, casseroles, and roasted vegetables don't require an oven to be fully preheated before you put them in. You can get a head start on cooking, and not waste the energy that's being used to preheat an empty oven, by putting them into the oven right when you turn it on. Also, for more forgiving recipes, you can turn the oven off a few minutes before it's finished cooking; the oven will retain heat for quite some time. Shortening the amount of time that you oven is actually turned on will help save energy.Use earth-friendly nonstick. Non Stick Coating Safety Traditional nonstick-coated cookware is made using chemicals, including PFOA, a known toxin that is used in the production of the coatings. Although PFOA only remains in trace amounts in the finished product, it has been found to persist in the environment and in the bloodstreams of much of the US population, which is concerning since the chemical has been found to cause developmental effects in laboratory animals. While the EPA has been working with chemical companies to reduce, and eventually eliminate, the use of PFOA, you can also find nonstick surfaces that are made with much safer materials. Bialetti Aeternum, for instance, is a ceramic coating, and Swiss Diamond, as the name suggests, uses a coating derived from powdered diamonds.Use your dishwasher- and fill it up. Environmentalists have long debated whether washing dishes by hand or in a dishwasher has a lower impact. And according to a recent study, it turns out that using a dishwasher uses less water and energy (not to mention time!). To be even more sustainable, be sure to run the dishwasher only when it’s filled to capacity, and turn off the heat dryer setting (or, if you can’t control this on your machine, wait for the rinse cycle to finish and then turn off and open the dishwasher so that dishes will air dry.Use reusable containers for leftovers and packed meals and snacks. Cut down on waste by eliminating the use of plastic wraps and bags, and aluminum foil. Instead, stock up on reusable containers (look for glass or BPA-free plastic) to store leftovers or to pack lunches and snacks.Buy recycled (and recyclable) utensils and other gear. (Check out these eco-friendly kitchen products) There is a wide variety of sustainably made kitchenware on the market today, from bamboo fiber dishtowels to cutting boards made from recycled paper to mixing bowls made from recycled plastic. Next time you’re on the market for a kitchen item, look for something made from sustainable or recyclable materials. You can also seek out Ceramic Coatings companies that you know have a green message, such as using a minimum of packaging, donating money to environmental or social causes, or using wind power or other green energy sources. By supporting such products and brands, you can feel good about your purchase knowing that it’s been created with the environment in mind.Eco-friendly productsReview: Original Spaghetti ScrubReview: Epicurean Cutting BoardsReview: Misto Olive Oil SprayerGreen QuestionsHow do I dispose of used cooking oil?What is PFOA?Are Wooden Spoons Sanitary?Related ArticlesTips to Green the Kitchen VideoCooking Safety - Kitchen SafetyKitchen Makeover - Simple Ways to do a Kitchen MakeoverTop Tips to Save Energy in the KitchenEnergy Saving Tips for Home: Easy and Inexpensive
Useful household tip Green Pans
January 19, 2009
The New York Collection of Green PansI was watching "Stuff Happens" on Planet Green the other day and Bill Nye the Science Guy told me that I should stop using my mangled old non-stick pans, or I just might die. Since Bill Nye was often used in my science classes in school I figure he can be trusted and so I tossed my old pans in the recycling bin, took my Target gift cards from Christmas and headed to the store to buy a Green Pan.Teflon Coatings
Here's the long and short of it. Non-stick Teflon pans have polytetrafluoroethylene, or PTFE for short, in them. The stuff that peels off when you use metal spatulas on them, or other wash too hard is full of PTFE which, at least according to Bill Nye, has proven to be a carcinogen to mice.
DuPont, the owner of the Teflon trademark, understandably claims that no harm can come from using PTFE-coated pans or utensils. And the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) agrees.
But not everyone agrees! They also say there is no difference in dairy products from cows treated with hormones, but I don't buy that either.
"Some skeptics and consumer watchdogs, however, fret about the chemicals involved in making PTFE, most of which are extremely toxic. In fact, some of the chemicals are so toxic that workers at DuPont developed polymer fume fever with flu-like symptoms when exposed to PTFE manufacturing chemicals, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)."
You can believe who you want, but my general feeling is this: I see no reason to put more chemicals into my body than necessary. Soon, in won't matter, because DuPont and other makers of non-stick goods have pledged to stop using PTFE over the next few years. Until then you have a few choices: cast iron pans, Heat Resistant Coating ceramics, or Green Pans. I have a GIANT cast iron pan that I bought for camping. It's very heavy, and a bit more maintenance than your average pan -- and since it isn't seasoned quite properly yet, it's not really "non-stick." I didn't feel like I knew enough about ceramic pans to buy one and know it's not toxic, so I went for the easy choice, the Green Pan.
Green Pans use a technology called Thermolon -- almost as creepy sounding as Teflon -- but in their words:
"We at GreenPan™ have taken this to heart and turned our attention to the environmental and health issues surrounding our products. In contrast to the classical PTFE-based non-stick technology (using PFOA as a processing agent), Thermolon™-coated cookware releases 50% fewer greenhouse gases during production and contains NO toxic substances that could be released at high temperatures. GreenPan™ brings you the latest development in non-stick cookware, a completely PTFE-free product. Thermolon™, a non-stick-coatings on high quality cookware."
The pans are a little pricy but if you're going out to buy a decent set of pans, it's worth to money to not have to worry about what you're ingesting.
For more info:
Nonstick Cookware Safety: Are There Alternatives to Teflon?
The New York Collection of Green PansI was watching "Stuff Happens" on Planet Green the other day and Bill Nye the Science Guy told me that I should stop using my mangled old non-stick pans, or I just might die. Since Bill Nye was often used in my science classes in school I figure he can be trusted and so I tossed my old pans in the recycling bin, took my Target gift cards from Christmas and headed to the store to buy a Green Pan.Teflon Coatings
Here's the long and short of it. Non-stick Teflon pans have polytetrafluoroethylene, or PTFE for short, in them. The stuff that peels off when you use metal spatulas on them, or other wash too hard is full of PTFE which, at least according to Bill Nye, has proven to be a carcinogen to mice.
DuPont, the owner of the Teflon trademark, understandably claims that no harm can come from using PTFE-coated pans or utensils. And the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) agrees.
But not everyone agrees! They also say there is no difference in dairy products from cows treated with hormones, but I don't buy that either.
"Some skeptics and consumer watchdogs, however, fret about the chemicals involved in making PTFE, most of which are extremely toxic. In fact, some of the chemicals are so toxic that workers at DuPont developed polymer fume fever with flu-like symptoms when exposed to PTFE manufacturing chemicals, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)."
You can believe who you want, but my general feeling is this: I see no reason to put more chemicals into my body than necessary. Soon, in won't matter, because DuPont and other makers of non-stick goods have pledged to stop using PTFE over the next few years. Until then you have a few choices: cast iron pans, Heat Resistant Coating ceramics, or Green Pans. I have a GIANT cast iron pan that I bought for camping. It's very heavy, and a bit more maintenance than your average pan -- and since it isn't seasoned quite properly yet, it's not really "non-stick." I didn't feel like I knew enough about ceramic pans to buy one and know it's not toxic, so I went for the easy choice, the Green Pan.
Green Pans use a technology called Thermolon -- almost as creepy sounding as Teflon -- but in their words:
"We at GreenPan™ have taken this to heart and turned our attention to the environmental and health issues surrounding our products. In contrast to the classical PTFE-based non-stick technology (using PFOA as a processing agent), Thermolon™-coated cookware releases 50% fewer greenhouse gases during production and contains NO toxic substances that could be released at high temperatures. GreenPan™ brings you the latest development in non-stick cookware, a completely PTFE-free product. Thermolon™, a non-stick-coatings on high quality cookware."
The pans are a little pricy but if you're going out to buy a decent set of pans, it's worth to money to not have to worry about what you're ingesting.
For more info:
Nonstick Cookware Safety: Are There Alternatives to Teflon?
Tips for Spraying on Wood Finishes
My first shop was a one-car garage. What space I had was filled with tools that were absolutely necessary to make furniture. That left out a dust collector and a finishing room. As a result, getting dust-free finishes was frustrating. Brushing on shellac and varnish worked fine for small projects, Ceramic Coating but as I took on bigger jobs and built more pieces, I turned to wipe-on oils because they weren't as fussy to use. Eventually, I needed more durable finishes that didn't take long to apply.
A spray system was the answer. Spraying on finish is fast and easy. You can get into places where brushes and rags are useless. Spray finishes look superb, too. The coating is more uniform and the finish between pieces is more consistent. But once I was committed to changing to spray finishes, I knew I had some research to do.
Spray Systems and Finishes are Better Now
The variety of spray systems has increased dramatically over the years. Manufacturers have introduced small, inexpensive units that are ideal for hobbyists and small shops. Also, there have been many improvements in high-volume, low-pressure spray systems, particularly in terms of transfer efficiency.
Brush-On and Wipe-On Finishes are Slow and Exacting
In mu furniture business, I brushed on varnishes for only a short time. Varnish was just too slow to brush and too slow to dry. And I needed excellent lighting to brush, sand, and rub out the varnish. I did stick with wipe-on oils for a while. Oil didn't require any special equipment, Best Non Stick Coating and I could oil in less-than-ideal conditions. I wasn't building up a thick surface film, so I worried less about dust and lint getting trapped in the film.
Any Spraying Disadvantage Can Be Overcome
As attractive as spray finishing is, it does have a few weaknesses. Setting up a safe, efficient system takes up shop space and costs money. Besides a gun, you will need a source of air, hoses, filters, and connectors. Because spraying releases finish mist into the air, you will also need a spray area that has fresh-air circulation. If you spray solvent-based finishes, you'll need to check with your local building inspector before you set up a booth. But if you spray water-based products exclusively, you won't need explosion-proof fans and fixtures.
Finally, keeping your spray gun clean is critical. Although cleaning does involve some effort and time, it doesn't take any longer to clean a spray gun than it does a brush.
Ultimately, Spraying Reduces Finishing Costs
Although some of the finish does get wasted through overspray, you can still lower your material costs. I've had to reject far fewer pieces that I've sprayed than those that were finished by brush or rag. Water Based Coatings And spraying saves labor costs. In the first month, I more than offset the initial expense of the equipment. Now my business couldn't survive without a spray system.
Published byArthur Piper
A spray system was the answer. Spraying on finish is fast and easy. You can get into places where brushes and rags are useless. Spray finishes look superb, too. The coating is more uniform and the finish between pieces is more consistent. But once I was committed to changing to spray finishes, I knew I had some research to do.
Spray Systems and Finishes are Better Now
The variety of spray systems has increased dramatically over the years. Manufacturers have introduced small, inexpensive units that are ideal for hobbyists and small shops. Also, there have been many improvements in high-volume, low-pressure spray systems, particularly in terms of transfer efficiency.
Brush-On and Wipe-On Finishes are Slow and Exacting
In mu furniture business, I brushed on varnishes for only a short time. Varnish was just too slow to brush and too slow to dry. And I needed excellent lighting to brush, sand, and rub out the varnish. I did stick with wipe-on oils for a while. Oil didn't require any special equipment, Best Non Stick Coating and I could oil in less-than-ideal conditions. I wasn't building up a thick surface film, so I worried less about dust and lint getting trapped in the film.
Any Spraying Disadvantage Can Be Overcome
As attractive as spray finishing is, it does have a few weaknesses. Setting up a safe, efficient system takes up shop space and costs money. Besides a gun, you will need a source of air, hoses, filters, and connectors. Because spraying releases finish mist into the air, you will also need a spray area that has fresh-air circulation. If you spray solvent-based finishes, you'll need to check with your local building inspector before you set up a booth. But if you spray water-based products exclusively, you won't need explosion-proof fans and fixtures.
Finally, keeping your spray gun clean is critical. Although cleaning does involve some effort and time, it doesn't take any longer to clean a spray gun than it does a brush.
Ultimately, Spraying Reduces Finishing Costs
Although some of the finish does get wasted through overspray, you can still lower your material costs. I've had to reject far fewer pieces that I've sprayed than those that were finished by brush or rag. Water Based Coatings And spraying saves labor costs. In the first month, I more than offset the initial expense of the equipment. Now my business couldn't survive without a spray system.
Published byArthur Piper
How To Prepare a Wall for the Primer Paint
Painting a wall is not as simple as taking a paintbrush, dipping it into paint, and applying paint to the surface. When you are painting a wall or any surface, it is essential to prepare the surface first. It should be clean and dry as well as sealed. The surface to be painted should be even and Ceramic Coatings smooth. This basic preparation is crucial to have the wall ready for the primer paint, the initial coating that you apply to the surface to be painted, which forms the base for better adherence of the top coats. There are three types of primer paints – alkyd, which is compatible with oil-based paints and suitable for almost all kinds of surfaces; latex and acrylic, which is economical and versatile; and tinted shellac, which works great with slick and difficult surfaces. Here are some of the things that you should do to prepare a wall for the primer paint.
Make sure that the wall to be primed is very clean and dry. If it is bare wood, use fine sandpaper to smooth and even out the surface. Sand the wood following its grain. Brush cracks with an old toothbrush and add wood filler. Sand the wood only when it is completely dry. If the wall has wood knots, fill them with wood filler and paint them with shellac first to prevent the resin from seeping through the primer and staining the top coat later. Wipe with a slightly damp cloth afterwards to remove dust. Water Based Coatings If your wall is made from resinous wood or have been previously stained, use aluminum primer to seal in the resin.
Make sure that the wall to be primed is very clean and dry. If it is bare wood, use fine sandpaper to smooth and even out the surface. Sand the wood following its grain. Brush cracks with an old toothbrush and add wood filler. Sand the wood only when it is completely dry. If the wall has wood knots, fill them with wood filler and paint them with shellac first to prevent the resin from seeping through the primer and staining the top coat later. Wipe with a slightly damp cloth afterwards to remove dust. Water Based Coatings If your wall is made from resinous wood or have been previously stained, use aluminum primer to seal in the resin.
Harmless' Fads That Caused Widespread Destruction
Fads are almost never a good thing, but rarely are they ever truly harmful. We dump a few hundred bucks into Tamagotchis, Beanie Babies, or Rubik's Cubes, and then the craze is over and we put all that crap in a shoebox to confuse our future grandchildren. However, some fads have poisoned thousands, started wars, and enslaved entire nations, all for the sake of some dumbass thing people wanted to ride, wear, or eat.
#6. France's Radium Craze Makes Paris RadioactivePhotos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
In 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium, which (as its name suggests) is an intensely radioactive element that will poison the nuclear titfarts out of any living thing that comes into prolonged contact with it. Radium would eventually become the basis for the development of radiotherapy as a cancer treatment, but back then, people didn't have any idea what it did. So, because it glowed in the dark and was Non Stick Coating Safety discovered at a time when science was considered to be magic, people began putting radium in every goddamn thing they could think of (Marie Curie herself kept radioactive salts by her bedside, and Pierre carried a piece of it around in his jacket like a bone-jellying pocket watch).
orau.org
Right next to his radium condoms for his other toxic bone-jelly.
And thus began a radioactive craze that hit Paris (and to a lesser extent, the rest of the world). For instance, radium became a trendy cure-all additive, because for some inexplicable reason people decided that it was an invigorating life tonic ("It HAS to do something! It glows!"). It found its way into everything from cough medicine to toothpaste, as well as topical ointments, chocolate bars, and anal suppositories intended to improve your sexual prowess (and while we cannot agree that it would improve your libido, we concede that shoving the blazing fury of an eternal atomic sun into your asshole would certainly do something to your underbelt region).
orau.org
We're guess something like Taco Bell, but in reverse.
They even sold radium water, which is exactly what it sounds like -- radioactive vitamin water peddled with the most hilariously inaccurate slogan ever: "A cure for the living dead."
But Parisians were equally enamored with radium's DayGlo properties and used it to make luminescent paint for watch faces and instrument panels. It was even used in face creams, lipstick, PTFE Coating Process and other types of makeup, because apparently having your face glow like the death angel at the end of Raiders of the Lost Ark was a look that people appreciated in the early 20th century.
thewitcontinuum.wordpress.com
"Cancer? No, I'm a Leo."
It was all good fun, really. Except that ANDRA, the organization in charge of monitoring and handling France's radioactive waste, has identified 130 areasthat still have enough trace radiation to be considered possible health risks. Most of these sites were tracked down using old advertising posters, which is the type of anthropological scavenger hunt we assumed would be left to aliens a few hundred years in the future.
Currently, ANDRA spends 4 million euros a year on decontamination, all because a few excitable Parisians got their hands on the most dangerous force in creation and smeared it all over everything like toddlers with finger paint.
#5. The Victorian Craze for Green Dye Poisons ThousandsPhotos.com
In the mid-1800s, Victorian England was hip-deep in a craze for Scheele's Green, a popular dye that stained everything the color of a Ninja Turtle's rippling bicep. Scheele's Green was used on everything -- clothing, accessories, toys, candles, curtains, and wallpaper were all considered in vogue if they Water-Based Paint carried the dark-green hue of a forest of Christmas trees. However, the primary ingredient in the dye is arsenic, which as some of you may be aware is a potent poison. People were literally coating their clothes, toys, and walls with an organ-liquefying metalloid.
Photos.com
"My ... kidneys ..."
"It's fine, just drink some radium water."
The worst part is, people knew damn well it was poisonous. The murderous properties of arsenic were well-known at that point, and its presence in Scheele's Green wasn't a secret. But for some inexplicable reason, that didn't stop anyone from using it to dye their furniture and drapery. It was even used in freaking food coloring. But the most rampant cause of accidental arsenic poisoning was the damned wallpaper -- toxic gas released by moisture compounding on the walls literally killed thousands of families, the end result of a series of decisions that quite possibly stand as the dumbest way anyone has ever died in the history of civilization.
Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
"Paint the walls? Why, we'll just soak them all in poison! I literally see no downside to this."
See, the puffs of arsenic dust weren't something anyone had considered -- they all figured that, so long as nobody was licking the wallpaper, things would be fine. Unfortunately, even after the danger was revealed and many people, including Queen Victoria herself, tore out their green wallpaper, there's still plenty of it around. That's because the removal process itself is insanely dangerous.
Remember, moisture causes the wallpaper to release its deadly arsenic fartcloud, and the only way to remove wallpaper without burning down the house that contains it is to douse it with fluid and scrape it off, thereby releasing arsine gas. So now, over a hundred years later, people are still struggling with the aftereffects of the Scheele's Green fad, because every old-timey building shlocked in green wallpaper is essentially a giant gas chamber.
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
Although honestly, most old people's homes would smell like that regardless.
#4. The British Tea Craze Floods China With Opium, Starts a WarHulton Archive/Getty Images
Everyone knows that English people drink lots of tea. However, back in the 19th century, the majority of the British were crushing infinitely more booze, more so than at any other point in the nation's history.
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
And this was with only eight legal Churchill drinking years.
That's because gin was cheap and tea was ludicrously expensive. The tea had to be imported from China, and the Chinese ransomed every last ounce of it, refusing to trade it for anything less than silver. But when the temperance movement swept through England, the demand for tea blew uplike Timothy Dalton at Ceramic Coatings the end of The Rocketeer. Unfortunately, tea was still more expensive than a diamond-encrusted table lamp made of Pegasus bones, so how could British traders make tea more affordable to support the exploding trend? By swapping it for chests of opium, of course.
You see, opium was illegal in China, but there was still a powerful demand for it. And the British were harvesting huge quantities of pure Bengali Junk from India. So, millions of pounds of tea flooded into Britain, and in return China was awash in a sea of dazzling white lights.
Soon, just about everyone in China was addicted to opium -- almost 90 percentof all men under the age of 40 living along the coast were more or less perpetually high. The impacts were devastating, with addicts selling everything they owned to get their fix and the nation's economy grinding to a screeching halt.
opioids.com
"I could go to work today, but ... but I just don't care."
In 1839, the Chinese emperor decided to crack down on the illegal drug trade that was poisoning his country and raided several British traders, seizing thousands of chests of opium. Teflon Coating The tea craze, which by this point had spread to every man, woman, and child on the British Isles, was suddenly cut off from its most viable means of supply. In response, England sent the fucking Royal Navy.
Sixteen British warshipsspent the next two years blasting their way up the Chinese coast to Shanghai, massacring somewhere between 20,000 and 25,000 Chinese soldiers and losing only 69 men in the process (these staggering figures were due, in large part, to the fact that half of China was addicted to opium). The Chinese were forced to sign a treaty granting control of Hong Kong Island to the British and opening five ports for the continuation of the opium trade, as well as paying England for the cost of the war and the loss of income caused by the emperor's drug raids, all because English people wanted their goddamn tea.
Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
Pictured: A perfectly reasonable response.
#6. France's Radium Craze Makes Paris RadioactivePhotos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
In 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium, which (as its name suggests) is an intensely radioactive element that will poison the nuclear titfarts out of any living thing that comes into prolonged contact with it. Radium would eventually become the basis for the development of radiotherapy as a cancer treatment, but back then, people didn't have any idea what it did. So, because it glowed in the dark and was Non Stick Coating Safety discovered at a time when science was considered to be magic, people began putting radium in every goddamn thing they could think of (Marie Curie herself kept radioactive salts by her bedside, and Pierre carried a piece of it around in his jacket like a bone-jellying pocket watch).
orau.org
Right next to his radium condoms for his other toxic bone-jelly.
And thus began a radioactive craze that hit Paris (and to a lesser extent, the rest of the world). For instance, radium became a trendy cure-all additive, because for some inexplicable reason people decided that it was an invigorating life tonic ("It HAS to do something! It glows!"). It found its way into everything from cough medicine to toothpaste, as well as topical ointments, chocolate bars, and anal suppositories intended to improve your sexual prowess (and while we cannot agree that it would improve your libido, we concede that shoving the blazing fury of an eternal atomic sun into your asshole would certainly do something to your underbelt region).
orau.org
We're guess something like Taco Bell, but in reverse.
They even sold radium water, which is exactly what it sounds like -- radioactive vitamin water peddled with the most hilariously inaccurate slogan ever: "A cure for the living dead."
But Parisians were equally enamored with radium's DayGlo properties and used it to make luminescent paint for watch faces and instrument panels. It was even used in face creams, lipstick, PTFE Coating Process and other types of makeup, because apparently having your face glow like the death angel at the end of Raiders of the Lost Ark was a look that people appreciated in the early 20th century.
thewitcontinuum.wordpress.com
"Cancer? No, I'm a Leo."
It was all good fun, really. Except that ANDRA, the organization in charge of monitoring and handling France's radioactive waste, has identified 130 areasthat still have enough trace radiation to be considered possible health risks. Most of these sites were tracked down using old advertising posters, which is the type of anthropological scavenger hunt we assumed would be left to aliens a few hundred years in the future.
Currently, ANDRA spends 4 million euros a year on decontamination, all because a few excitable Parisians got their hands on the most dangerous force in creation and smeared it all over everything like toddlers with finger paint.
#5. The Victorian Craze for Green Dye Poisons ThousandsPhotos.com
In the mid-1800s, Victorian England was hip-deep in a craze for Scheele's Green, a popular dye that stained everything the color of a Ninja Turtle's rippling bicep. Scheele's Green was used on everything -- clothing, accessories, toys, candles, curtains, and wallpaper were all considered in vogue if they Water-Based Paint carried the dark-green hue of a forest of Christmas trees. However, the primary ingredient in the dye is arsenic, which as some of you may be aware is a potent poison. People were literally coating their clothes, toys, and walls with an organ-liquefying metalloid.
Photos.com
"My ... kidneys ..."
"It's fine, just drink some radium water."
The worst part is, people knew damn well it was poisonous. The murderous properties of arsenic were well-known at that point, and its presence in Scheele's Green wasn't a secret. But for some inexplicable reason, that didn't stop anyone from using it to dye their furniture and drapery. It was even used in freaking food coloring. But the most rampant cause of accidental arsenic poisoning was the damned wallpaper -- toxic gas released by moisture compounding on the walls literally killed thousands of families, the end result of a series of decisions that quite possibly stand as the dumbest way anyone has ever died in the history of civilization.
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"Paint the walls? Why, we'll just soak them all in poison! I literally see no downside to this."
See, the puffs of arsenic dust weren't something anyone had considered -- they all figured that, so long as nobody was licking the wallpaper, things would be fine. Unfortunately, even after the danger was revealed and many people, including Queen Victoria herself, tore out their green wallpaper, there's still plenty of it around. That's because the removal process itself is insanely dangerous.
Remember, moisture causes the wallpaper to release its deadly arsenic fartcloud, and the only way to remove wallpaper without burning down the house that contains it is to douse it with fluid and scrape it off, thereby releasing arsine gas. So now, over a hundred years later, people are still struggling with the aftereffects of the Scheele's Green fad, because every old-timey building shlocked in green wallpaper is essentially a giant gas chamber.
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Although honestly, most old people's homes would smell like that regardless.
#4. The British Tea Craze Floods China With Opium, Starts a WarHulton Archive/Getty Images
Everyone knows that English people drink lots of tea. However, back in the 19th century, the majority of the British were crushing infinitely more booze, more so than at any other point in the nation's history.
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And this was with only eight legal Churchill drinking years.
That's because gin was cheap and tea was ludicrously expensive. The tea had to be imported from China, and the Chinese ransomed every last ounce of it, refusing to trade it for anything less than silver. But when the temperance movement swept through England, the demand for tea blew uplike Timothy Dalton at Ceramic Coatings the end of The Rocketeer. Unfortunately, tea was still more expensive than a diamond-encrusted table lamp made of Pegasus bones, so how could British traders make tea more affordable to support the exploding trend? By swapping it for chests of opium, of course.
You see, opium was illegal in China, but there was still a powerful demand for it. And the British were harvesting huge quantities of pure Bengali Junk from India. So, millions of pounds of tea flooded into Britain, and in return China was awash in a sea of dazzling white lights.
Soon, just about everyone in China was addicted to opium -- almost 90 percentof all men under the age of 40 living along the coast were more or less perpetually high. The impacts were devastating, with addicts selling everything they owned to get their fix and the nation's economy grinding to a screeching halt.
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"I could go to work today, but ... but I just don't care."
In 1839, the Chinese emperor decided to crack down on the illegal drug trade that was poisoning his country and raided several British traders, seizing thousands of chests of opium. Teflon Coating The tea craze, which by this point had spread to every man, woman, and child on the British Isles, was suddenly cut off from its most viable means of supply. In response, England sent the fucking Royal Navy.
Sixteen British warshipsspent the next two years blasting their way up the Chinese coast to Shanghai, massacring somewhere between 20,000 and 25,000 Chinese soldiers and losing only 69 men in the process (these staggering figures were due, in large part, to the fact that half of China was addicted to opium). The Chinese were forced to sign a treaty granting control of Hong Kong Island to the British and opening five ports for the continuation of the opium trade, as well as paying England for the cost of the war and the loss of income caused by the emperor's drug raids, all because English people wanted their goddamn tea.
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Pictured: A perfectly reasonable response.
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